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Topic · cross-market

RNG fairness & game integrity

The statistical guarantee every game must carry

RNG fairness is the most harmonised dimension in our indexed corpus. Every market requires an independent lab certificate, statistical testing, and reproducible monitoring of randomness output. The UK\'s RTS 7, Ontario\'s Standards 4.26–4.27, Malta\'s technical directives and the US-state rulebooks all reference the same underlying test suites, GLI-19 for online gaming and GLI-33 for sports betting are the de-facto global standard even in markets that do not name them in statute.

  • 13frameworks indexed
  • 12with matched standard
  • 92%topic coverage

Snapshot across 13 frameworks

Each chip is one indexed rulebook. Green = we have a directly matched standard on this topic; dim = the topic may be covered under different wording, explore the framework to verify.

AGCO S 4.08 AGLC AGLC 4.3.12 DGA SCP.01.00 DGOJ Resolución DGOJ RNG art. 3 GGL Cert MGA PPD 22 MGCB R TS-RNG NJ DGE § 69O-1.5(j)-(r) OCCC OAC 6.1 PA PGCB 58 Pa. Code § 812.2 SGA SIFS 2022:3 Ch 13 §1 UKGC LCCP not directly indexed UKGC RTS RTS RTS 7A

Side by side

Best-match standard per framework. Scored against titles, requirements and editorial tags, click through for the full text.

Market Standard Excerpt Source
AGCO S 4.08 Approval or certification of games and systems All games and RNG systems must be Registrar-approved or certified by an independent testing lab prior to provision. Open ↗
AGLC AGLC 4.3.12 Where there are suspected game or system faults that may impact game integrity or fairness including the integ… Where there are suspected game or system faults that may impact game integrity or fairness including the integrity or fairness of Sport and Event Betting (e.g., influencing a player’s chances of winning or the return t… Open ↗
DGA SCP.01.00 Random Number Generator (RNG) requirements Random Number Generators used for casino games must be independently certified to the DGA's statistical and security requirements before go-live. From 2026, recertification is triggered by changes affecting compliance ra… Open ↗
DGOJ Resolución DGOJ RNG art. 3 Random number generator certification The RNG used for every game must be certified for statistical randomness, unpredictability, non-regeneration and tamper-resistance, with results published at least annually and available on request. Open ↗
GGL Cert Every German game build must be lab-certified Virtual slots and online poker builds intended for the German market must be certified by an accredited testing laboratory (such as GLI, iTech Labs or BMM) before launch. The certification demonstrates compliance with th… Open ↗
MGA PPD 22 Minimum 85% RTP for online repetitive RNG games An online B2C licensee offering games that use repetitively generated random selection must pay out on average at least eighty-five per cent (85%) of money wagered (or any higher percentage set by licence condition). The… Open ↗
MGCB R TS-RNG RNG certification and periodic re-test Every RNG used in Michigan must be certified by an MGCB-approved independent test laboratory and re-tested at intervals the Board prescribes. The RNG must meet the statistical randomness thresholds specified in the Techn… Open ↗
NJ DGE § 69O-1.5(j)-(r) Game fairness, play rules, and disconnect handling Before and during play, patrons must be able to see game identification, play/payout rules (not reliant on sound), and all fees/rake/vigorish. Game play must begin only on an affirmative wager (no auto play without appro… Open ↗
OCCC OAC 6.1 Independent Testing Laboratory Certification of Systems Sports gaming equipment and systems, including wagering engines, account platforms, and geolocation subsystems, shall be tested and certified by an independent testing laboratory holding current Commission certification… Open ↗
PA PGCB 58 Pa. Code § 812.2 Independent laboratory testing required Interactive gaming systems, random number generators, and every individual game must be tested by a PGCB-approved independent testing laboratory before deployment, with reports filed with the Board. Open ↗
SGA SIFS 2022:3 Ch 13 §1 Statistical test battery A random number generator used in a licensed gambling system must pass an accepted statistical test battery, including chi-squared, NIST and DIEHARD tests, with documented results available to the authority. Open ↗
UKGC LCCP No standard directly indexed — Open ↗
UKGC RTS RTS RTS 7A Acceptably random RNG Random number generation and game results must be acceptably random. Adaptive behaviour (a compensated game) is not permitted. External-event lotteries must use outcomes that are unpredictable and externally verifiable. Open ↗

The policy trend line

1

GLI-19 / GLI-33 is the shared grammar

The US states in our index, Michigan, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, all cite GLI-19 (online gaming systems) and GLI-33 (sports betting) by name in their technical standards. European markets and Ontario converge on the same tests without naming the lab, the UK RTS 7, Malta's technical directives, and Ontario Standard 4.26 all reference statistical-testing batteries functionally identical to GLI-19. The grammar is convergent even when the sourcing is jurisdiction-specific.

2

RTP disclosure is universal

Every market requires the theoretical return-to-player to be disclosed per game. The presentation varies, game info screen (most markets), operator website aggregate (UK and Malta), pre-play pop-up (some European markets), but the underlying obligation is the same: the customer must be able to find the number before staking.

3

Ohio sports-only: ITL system certification, not RNG

Ohio is sports-only under ORC 3775 and does not authorise iCasino, so our index contains no RNG or theoretical-RTP rule for the Ohio corpus. The nearest fairness hook is OAC 3775-15-01, which requires sports gaming equipment and systems, including wagering engines, account platforms and geolocation subsystems, to be certified by an independent testing laboratory holding current OCCC certification before they reach production, and re-certified after any material change.

What to watch

Open questions and imminent changes that will shift the cells above. Each item is traceable to a regulator publication or indexed statute.

  • Ontario Standard 4.27 adds a monitoring-and-inspection obligation on top of the certification requirement, the operator must continuously monitor RNG output, not just certify once.

Frequently asked

Who certifies RNGs in iGaming?

Independent testing laboratories, the major ones being GLI (Gaming Laboratories International), BMM Testlabs and eCOGRA. US states require GLI-19 / GLI-33 certificates explicitly; European markets and Ontario require functionally equivalent statistical testing without always naming a specific lab. All certificates must be reproducible and available to the regulator on request.

Must the theoretical RTP be disclosed?

Yes, in every market we index. Presentation differs, game info screen, operator website, pre-play pop-up, but the obligation is universal.

Game design & in-game protections Spin durations, stake caps, autoplay bans, reality-check prompts and loss indicators. Data retention & record keeping How long wager logs, account events and game rounds must be retained. Complaints & dispute resolution Internal complaint handling and the regulator or ADR escalation path.

Primary sources

Every claim above traces to one of these citations. Matched standards link straight into the framework explorer; overlay facts link to the RG Observatory card with its audit note.

Indexed standards

Built 2026-05-11 from the same datasets that power the framework explorers. Not legal advice; verify against the issuing regulator.